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Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a common cerebrovascular disease.Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear.At present,it is thought that this disease is caused by kinds of factors,including congenital and acquired factors.
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Fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that locates on chromosome 3p14.2.FHIT can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth by activating caspase,inhibiting PI3K-Akt-survivin signal pathway and phosphorylation of I?B-?,and binding with microtube.The inactivation of FHIT is closely related with carcinogenesis.The advances in research on the structure,biological function,relationship between inactivation and carcinogenesis,and gene therapy of FHIT are reviewed in this paper.
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Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene on apoptosis of human glioma cell line U87. Methods By the method of liposome transfection,plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT and pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B were transfected into glioma cell line U87.U87 cells were divided into three groups: U87-FHIT group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT;U87-vector group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B;and blank control group,U87 cells without transfection.The expression of exogenous FHIT protein was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.The effects of FHIT on the growth characteristics of U87 were observed by MTT and flow cytometry. Results Growth inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of the cells in U87-FHIT group were significantly higher than those in U87-vector group and blank control group(P
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Schwannoma is the tumor arising mainly from the cranial and spinal nerves. Bilateral vestibular schwannoma is the hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The NF2 gene has been cloned with comprehensive analysis of its mutations in schwannoma. However, most studies focused on vestibular schwannoma. There are differences in proliferation of tumor cell and ultrastructure between vestibular and spinal schwannomas. It is unknown whether genetic alterations in vestibular schwannoma are different from those in non-vestibular schwannoma. We analyzed the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 22 in patients with sporadic schwannoma including vestibular and spinal schwannomas and correlated this genetic alteration with tumor proliferation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 54 unrelated patients without clinical NF1 or NF2, 36 patients had sporadic vestibular schwannoma, and 18 dorsal spinal root schwannoma. Four highly polymorphic linkage to NF2 gene microsatellite DNA markers (D22S264, D22S268, D22S280, CRYB2) were used to analyze LOH. The proliferative index was evaluated by Ki-67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining. Student's t test was used to analyze the difference of the proliferative index between schwannoma with LOH and that without LOH. The difference of the frequency of LOH in vestibular and spinal schwannomas was investigated by the chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-three schwannomas (42.6%, 23/54) showed allele loss. The frequency of LOH in vestibular schwannoma was significantly higher than that in spinal schwannoma (chi2 = 5.14, P < 0.05). The proliferative index of schwannoma with LOH was significantly higher than that without LOH (tki-67 = 2.97, P = 0.0045; tPCNA = 2.93, P = 0.0051).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LOH on chromosome 22 is a frequent event in the tumorigenesis of sporadic schwannoma. And, there is a correlation between LOH on chromosome 22 and proliferative activity in schwannoma. The frequency of LOH in vestibular schwannoma is significantly different from that in spinal schwannoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cell Proliferation , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 , Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2 , Loss of Heterozygosity , Neurilemmoma , Genetics , Pathology , Neuroma, Acoustic , Genetics , Spinal Cord Neoplasms , Genetics , Spinal Nerve RootsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features and treatments of jugular foramen neurinomas. The approximate approach and proper exposure regions of jugular foramen tumour were discussed in this paper.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen cases of jugular foramen neurinomas were diagnosed by CT, MRI, DSA and 3D-CT reconstruction preoperatively. The tumours were resected by far lateral infra-temporal approach. The classification and relative operative approaches were discussed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 14 patients, total removal were achieved in 8 cases, subtotal removal in 4 cases and partial removal in the other 2 cases. All patients got good recovering. No serious complications correlating the approaches occurred except one case of facial paralysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The far later infratentorial approach was suggested to be more suitable for surgery upon neurinomas of jugular foramen.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Craniotomy , Methods , Follow-Up Studies , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Microsurgery , Neurilemmoma , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the role of S-100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in predicting the outcomes of patients with severe head injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients with severe head injury were included in this study. The serum concentrations of S-100B and NSE were measured within 12 hours after head injury to investigate the correlation between serum levels of S-100B and NSE and outcome. Validity of both S-100B and NSE in outcome prediction was assessed with Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum concentrations of S-100B and NSE of both groups, with favorable or unfavorable outcomes, were significantly higher than those of the normal group. The serum concentrations within 12 hours after head injury were closely correlated with the prognosis. Furthermore, according to the ROC curves of S-100B and NSE, S-100B was found better in predicting outcomes than NSE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>S-100B and NSE may play important roles in outcome prediction after severe head injury. Moreover, S-100B is clearly superior to NSE in terms of predictive value and appears to be a more promising serum marker in outcome prediction after severe head injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Craniocerebral Trauma , Blood , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Nerve Growth Factors , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Blood , Prognosis , ROC Curve , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit , S100 Proteins , Blood , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate outcomes of patients with acute subdural hematomas by analysing the hematoma thickness, midline shift and the differences between them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-five patients with acute subdural hematoma were retrospectively studied by calculating hematoma thickness, midline shift and their difference with a statistical analysis of Kaplan-Meier, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hematoma thickness ranged from 5.0 to 40.0 mm and midline shift was from 0 to 35.0 mm. Among these patients, 51% died and 49% survived after surgery. 18 patients (19%) showed good or satisfactory results. Kaplan-Meier analysis proved that the survival for patients with hematoma thickness approximately equal to l7 mm and a midline shift 15 mm or whose midline shift exceeded hematoma thickness by 2.2 mm, the survival rate was 50%. Glasgow outcome scale scores were correlated significantly with these parameters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hematoma thickness, midline shift and their difference provided a database from which criteria could be derived, that is crucial for prognosis estimation.</p>